Gravitational Repulsion within a Black-Hole using the Stueckelberg Quantum Formalism

TL;DR

This paper explores how quantum effects described by Stueckelberg's formalism can lead to an effective gravitational repulsion inside a black hole, challenging classical notions of inevitable collapse.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum wave equation for massive bodies in Schwarzschild spacetime and reveals a potential repulsive effect near the horizon due to wave interference.

Findings

Quantum wavefunction peaks at the horizon, not at the singularity

Matter becomes 'tachionic' inside the horizon, spreading over space

Interference effects produce an effective gravitational repulsion

Abstract

We wish to study an application of Stueckelberg's relativistic quantum theory in the framework of general relativity. We study the form of the wave equation of a massive body in the presence of a Schwarzschild gravitational field. We treat the mathematical behavior of the wavefunction also around and beyond the horizon (r=2M). Classically, within the horizon, the time component of the metric becomes spacelike and distance from the origin singularity becomes timelike, suggesting an inevitable propagation of all matter within the horizon to a total collapse at r=0. However, the quantum description of the wave function provides a different understanding of the behavior of matter within the horizon. We find that a test particle can almost never be found at the origin and is more probable to be found at the horizon. Matter outside the horizon has a very small wave length and therefore interference effects can be found only on a very small atomic scale. However, within the horizon, matter becomes totally "tachionic" and is potentially "spread" over all space. Small location uncertainties on the atomic scale become large around the horizon, and different mass components of the wave function can therefore interfere on a stellar scale. This interference phenomenon, where the probability of finding matter decreases as a function of the distance from the horizon, appears as an effective gravitational repulsion.