Non-LTE time-dependent spectroscopic modelling of type II-plateau supernovae from the photospheric to the nebular phase: case study for 15 and 25Msun progenitor stars

TL;DR

This study introduces the first non-LTE, time-dependent radiative transfer simulations of Type II-P supernovae from the photospheric to nebular phases, based on 15 and 25 solar mass progenitors, revealing insights into their light curves and spectra.

Contribution

It provides novel, comprehensive simulations covering both phases of supernova evolution using detailed non-LTE models, improving understanding of supernova spectral and light curve features.

Findings

Synthetic light curves show bell-shaped morphology with faster evolution for compact progenitors.

Nebular spectra reveal stronger oxygen lines in higher-mass progenitors.

Models overestimate luminosity and rise time compared to observed supernovae.

Abstract

We present the first non-LTE time-dependent radiative-transfer simulations of supernovae (SNe) II-Plateau (II-P) covering both the photospheric and nebular phases, from ~10 to >~1000d after the explosion, and based on 1.2B piston-driven ejecta produced from a 15Msun and a 25Msun non-rotating solar-metallicity star. The radial expansion of the gradually cooling photosphere gives rise to a near-constant luminosity up to >~100d after explosion. The photosphere remains in the outer 0.5Msun of the ejecta for up to ~50d after explosion. As the photosphere reaches the edge of the helium core, the SN luminosity drops by an amount mitigated by the progenitor radius and the 56Ni mass. Synthetic light-curves exhibit a bell-shape morphology, evolving faster for more compact progenitors, and with an earlier peak and narrower width in bluer filters. UV and U-band fluxes are very sensitive to line-blanketing, the metallicity, and the adopted model atoms. During the recombination epoch synthetic spectra are dominated by HI and metal lines, and are largely insensitive to the differing H/He/C/N/O composition of our two progenitor stars. In contrast, synthetic nebular-phase spectra reveal a broader/stronger OI doublet line in the higher-mass progenitor model, reflecting the larger masses of oxygen and nickel that are ejected. Our simulations overestimate the typical luminosity and the visual rise time of standard SNe II-P, likely a consequence of our progenitor stars being too big and/or too hydrogen rich. Comparison of our simulations with photospheric-phase observations of SN1999em of the same color are satisfactory. Our neglect of non-thermal processes leads to a fast disappearance of continuum radiation and Balmer-line emission at the end of the plateau phase. With the exception of HI lines, our nebular spectra show a striking similarity to contemporaneous observations of SN1999em.