Ground state in the finite Dicke model for interacting qubits

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground state properties of a finite ensemble of interacting qubits coupled to a quantum field, revealing entanglement features and phase transition behavior as the system size varies.

Contribution

It identifies a maximally entangled W-state in the ground state and links the phase transition in the classical limit to a specific parameter space line.

Findings

Maximally entangled W-state appears in the ground state for certain parameters.

The phase transition line shrinks as the ensemble size increases, approaching the classical limit.

A critical energy for order-disorder transition relates to the minimum angular momentum projection.

Abstract

We study the ground state of a finite size ensemble of interacting qubits driven by a quantum field. We find a maximally entangled W-state in the ensemble part of the system for a certain coupling parameters region. The area of this region decreases as the ensemble size increases and, in the classical limit, becomes the line in parameter space that defines the phase transition of the system. In the classical limit, we also study the dynamics of the system and its transition from order to disorder for initial energies close to the ground state energy. We find that a critical energy providing this transition is related to the minimum of the projection of the total angular momentum of the quantum system in the $z$-direction.