A precise modeling of Phoebe's rotation

TL;DR

This paper precisely models Phoebe's non-resonant rotation, including its precession and nutation, using Hamiltonian formalism, numerical integration, and analytical comparison, providing the first detailed analysis of its rotational motion.

Contribution

First detailed calculation of Phoebe's precession and nutation using Hamiltonian formalism and numerical methods, with comparison to analytical models and Earth-like parameters.

Findings

Phoebe's obliquity is approximately 23.95 degrees.

Precession rate of Phoebe is about 5580.65 arcseconds per century.

Nutation amplitudes are similar to Earth's, with 26 arcseconds in longitude and 8 arcseconds in obliquity.

Abstract

Although the rotation of some Saturn's satellites in spin-orbit has already been studied by several authors, this is not the case of the rotation of Phoebe, which has the particularity of being non resonant. The purpose of the paper is to determine for the first time and with precision its precession-nutation motion. We adopt an Hamiltonian formalism of the motion of rotation of rigid celestial body set up by Kinoshita (1977) based on Andoyer variables and canonical equations. First we calculate Phoebe's obliquity at J2000,0 from available astronomical data as well as the gravitational perturbation due to Saturn on Phoebe rotational motion. Then we carry out a numerical integration and we compare our results for the precession rate and the nutation coefficients with pure analytical model. Our results for Phoebe obliquity (23{\deg}95) and Phoebe precession rate (5580".65/cy) are very close to the respective values for the Earth. Moreover the amplitudes of the nutations (26" peak to peak for the nutaton in longitude and 8" for the nutation in obliquity) are of the same order as the respective amplitudes for the Earth. We give complete tables of nutation, obtained from a FFT analysis starting from the numerical signals. We show that a pure analytical model of the nutation is not accurate due to the fact that Phoebe orbital elements e, M and Ls are far from having a simple linear behaviour. The precession and nutation of Phoebe have been calculated for the first time in this paper. We should keep on the study in the future by studying the additional gravitational effects of the Sun, of the large satellites as Titan, as well as Saturn dynamical ellipticity.