Performance comparison of dynamical decoupling sequences for a qubit in a rapidly fluctuating spin-bath

TL;DR

This study compares the effectiveness of various dynamical decoupling sequences in preserving quantum coherence in a qubit system affected by a rapidly fluctuating spin-bath, highlighting the existence of an optimal pulse spacing.

Contribution

It provides experimental quantification of DD sequence performance in a realistic, rapidly fluctuating environment, identifying the optimal pulse delay for coherence preservation.

Findings

Shorter pulse delays improve coherence up to a point

An optimal pulse spacing exists around the bath correlation time

Too short delays cause pulse imperfections to dominate

Abstract

Avoiding the loss of coherence of quantum mechanical states is an important prerequisite for quantum information processing. Dynamical decoupling (DD) is one of the most effective experimental methods for maintaining coherence, especially when one can access only the qubit-system and not its environment (bath). It involves the application of pulses to the system whose net effect is a reversal of the system-environment interaction. In any real system, however, the environment is not static, and therefore the reversal of the system-environment interaction becomes imperfect if the spacing between refocusing pulses becomes comparable to or longer than the correlation time of the environment. The efficiency of the refocusing improves therefore if the spacing between the pulses is reduced. Here, we quantify the efficiency of different DD sequences in preserving different quantum states. We use 13C nuclear spins as qubits and an environment of 1H nuclear spins as the environment, which couples to the qubit via magnetic dipole-dipole couplings. Strong dipole-dipole couplings between the proton spins result in a rapidly fluctuating environment with a correlation time of the order of 100 us. Our experimental results show that short delays between the pulses yield better performance if they are compared with the bath correlation time. However, as the pulse spacing becomes shorter than the bath correlation time, an optimum is reached. For even shorter delays, the pulse imperfections dominate over the decoherence losses and cause the quantum state to decay.