Spontaneous Lorentz Violation, Nambu-Goldstone Modes, and Massive Modes

TL;DR

This paper reviews how spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking in bumblebee models leads to the emergence of Nambu-Goldstone and massive modes, analyzing their behavior and implications.

Contribution

It provides a focused review of the fate of massless and massive modes in Lorentz-violating bumblebee models, highlighting their roles in spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Findings

Nambu-Goldstone modes arise from Lorentz symmetry breaking.

Massive modes are also present and have specific dynamics.

The review clarifies the physical implications of these modes.

Abstract

In any theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking, it is important to account for the massless Nambu-Goldstone and massive Higgs modes. In this short review, the fate of these modes is examined for the case of a bumblebee model, in which Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken.