Young stars in the Camelopardalis dust and molecular clouds. VI. YSOs verified by Spitzer and AKARI infrared photometry

TL;DR

This study verifies the young stellar object status of 141 candidates in the Camelopardalis region using infrared photometry from multiple surveys, classifying their evolutionary stages and confirming most as YSOs.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive verification of YSO candidates using multi-wavelength infrared data, refining their classification and evolutionary status.

Findings

45% are Class I YSOs

41% are Class II YSOs

14% are Class III YSOs

Abstract

Using photometric data of infrared surveys, young stellar object (YSO) status is verified for 141 objects selected in our previous papers in the Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis segment of the Milky Way bounded by Galactic coordinates (l, b) = (132--158 deg, p/m 12 deg). The area includes the known star-forming regions in the emission nebulae W3, W4 and W5 and the massive YSO AFGL 490. Spectral energy distribution (SED) curves between 700 nm and 160 microns, constructed from the GSC2, 2MASS, IRAS, MSX, Spitzer and AKARI data, are used to estimate the evolutionary stages of these stars. We confirm the YSO status for most of the objects. If all of the investigated objects were YSOs, 45 % of them should belong to Class I, 41 % to class II and 14 % to Class III. However, SEDs of some of these objects can be affected by nearby extended infrared sources, like compact H II regions, infrared clusters or dusty galaxies.