Stable fractional flux vortices and unconventional magnetic state in two-component superconductors

TL;DR

This paper investigates the unique magnetic states and vortex behaviors in two-component superconductors, revealing complex vortex entry processes and potential experimental signatures for protonic superconductivity.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical analysis of fractional flux vortices and their impact on magnetic properties in two-component superconductors using London theory.

Findings

Vortex entry occurs in multiple steps with fractional vortices near the surface.

The vortex penetration modifies the Bean-Livingston barrier and magnetization curves.

Potential experimental identification of protonic superconductivity via vortex penetration effects.

Abstract

In the framework of London theory we study the novel magnetic state in two-component superconductors with finite density of fractional flux vortices stabilized near the surface. We show that the process of vortex entry into the two-component superconductor consists of several steps, while the external magnetic field increases from zero. At the first stage only vortices in one of the order parameter components penetrate and sit at the equilibrium position near the surface. When the magnetic field is increased further vortices in the second order parameter component eventually enter the superconductor. Such a complex partial vortex penetration leads to the modification of a Bean-Livingston barrier and a magnetization curve as compared to conventional single-component superconductors. We discuss the possibility of experimental identification of protonic superconductivity in the projected superconducting state of liquid metallic hydrogen and hydrogen rich alloys with the help of partial vortex penetration effect.