Near-zone sizes and the rest frame extreme ultra-violet spectral index of the highest redshift quasars

TL;DR

This study measures the extreme ultra-violet spectral index of high-redshift quasars using near-zone sizes, revealing it varies with luminosity and shows no significant evolution over cosmic time.

Contribution

It introduces a method to estimate the EUV spectral index at high redshift using near-zone sizes, and finds the index varies with luminosity and remains consistent with low-redshift values.

Findings

EUV spectral index at z~6 is approximately 1.3±0.4.

Spectral index varies with quasar luminosity, becoming softer at higher luminosity.

No significant evolution of the EUV spectral index over 90% of cosmic history.

Abstract

The discovery of quasars with redshifts higher than six has prompted a great deal of discussion in the literature regarding the role of quasars, both as sources of reionization, and as probes of the ionization state of the IGM. However the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) spectral index cannot be measured directly for high redshift quasars owing to absorption at frequencies above the Lyman limit, and as a result, studies of the impact of quasars on the intergalactic medium during reionization must assume a spectral energy distribution in the extreme ultra-violet based on observations at low redshift, z<1. In this paper we use regions of high Ly-alpha transmission (near-zones) around the highest redshift quasars to measure the quasar EUV spectral index at z~6. We jointly fit the available observations for variation of near-zone size with both redshift and luminosity, and propose that the observed relation provides evidence for an EUV spectral index that varies with absolute magnitude in the high redshift quasar sample, becoming softer at higher luminosity. Using a large suite of detailed numerical simulations we find that the typical value of spectral index for a luminous quasar at z~6 is constrained to be alpha=1.3+/-0.4 for a specific luminosity of the form L\propto\nu^{-alpha}. We find the scatter in spectral index among individual quasars to be in the range ~0.75-1.25. These values are in agreement with direct observations at low redshift, and indicate that there has been no significant evolution in the EUV spectral index of quasars over 90% of cosmic time.