Dark energy equation of state and cosmic topology

TL;DR

This paper explores how detecting cosmic topology via circles-in-the-sky in CMB maps can help constrain dark energy equation of state parameters, reducing degeneracies in cosmological models.

Contribution

It demonstrates that cosmic topology information can effectively improve constraints on dark energy parameters without assuming specific EOS models.

Findings

Topology detection reduces parameter degeneracies.

Analysis with Poincaré dodecahedral space constrains dark energy EOS.

Combining topology with supernova and BAO data enhances cosmological constraints.

Abstract

The immediate observational consequence of a non-trivial spatial topology of the Universe is that an observer could potentially detect multiple images of radiating sources. In particular, a non-trivial topology will generate pairs of correlated circles of temperature fluctuations in the anisotropies maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the so-called circles-in-the-sky. In this way, a detectable non-trivial spatial topology may be seen as an observable attribute, which can be probed through the circles-in-the-sky for all locally homogeneous and isotropic universes with no assumptions on the cosmological dark energy (DE) equation of state (EOS) parameters. We show that the knowledge of the spatial topology through the circles-in-the-sky offers an effective way of reducing the degeneracies in the DE EOS parameters. We concretely illustrate the topological role by assuming, as an exanple, a Poincar\'{e} dodecahedral space topology and reanalyzing the constraints on the parameters of a specific EOS which arise from the supernovae type Ia, baryon acoustic oscillations and the CMB plus the statistical topological contribution.