Little Boxes: The Simplest Demonstration of the Failure of Einstein's Attempt to Show the Incompleteness of Quantum Theory

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the failure of Einstein's EPR argument regarding quantum incompleteness through a simple GHZ construction involving particles in boxes and hydrogen molecules, highlighting fundamental quantum features.

Contribution

It provides a straightforward, elementary demonstration of the failure of Einstein's attempt to prove quantum theory's incompleteness using position-based GHZ states.

Findings

GHZ construction in position space shows Einstein's argument fails

Elementary model with particles in boxes illustrates quantum nonlocality

Realistic model with hydrogen molecules supports the elementary findings

Abstract

The failure of Einstein's co-authored "EPR" attempt to show the incompleteness of quantum theory is demonstrated directly for spatial degrees of freedom using only elementary notions. A GHZ construction is realized in the position properties of three particles whose quantum waves are distributed over three two-chambered boxes. The same system is modeled more realistically using three spatially separated, singly ionized hydrogen molecules.