Millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument
Daniel Schwan, Peter A. R. Ade, Kaustuv Basu, Amy N. Bender, Frank, Bertoldi, Hsaio-Mei Cho, Guyong. Chon, John Clarke, Matt Dobbs, Daniel, Ferrusca, Rolfe Gusten, Nils W. Halverson, William L. Holzapfel, Cathy, Horellou, Daniel Johansson, Bradley R. Johnson, James Kennedy

TL;DR
The APEX-SZ instrument is a highly sensitive millimeter-wave receiver with advanced technologies like TES bolometers and multiplexed readout, enabling detailed galaxy cluster observations via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.
Contribution
This paper introduces the design and performance of a novel millimeter-wave receiver incorporating new technologies such as TES bolometers and frequency multiplexing.
Findings
Achieved higher sensitivity and larger field-of-view than previous instruments.
Demonstrated upgraded detectors with improved sensitivity.
Mapped 48 galaxy clusters since 2007.
Abstract
The Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument is a millimeter-wave cryogenic receiver designed to observe galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from the 12 m APEX telescope on the Atacama plateau in Chile. The receiver contains a focal plane of 280 superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers instrumented with a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system. The bolometers are cooled to 280 mK via a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator and a mechanical pulse-tube cooler. Three warm mirrors, two 4 K lenses, and a horn array couple the TES bolometers to the telescope. APEX-SZ observes in a single frequency band at 150 GHz with 1' angular resolution and a 22' field-of-view, all well suited for cluster mapping. The APEX-SZ receiver has played a key role in the introduction of several new technologies including TES bolometers, the…
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