Chameleonic dilaton, nonequivalent frames, and the cosmological constant problem in quantum string theory

TL;DR

This paper proposes a chameleonic behavior of the string dilaton as a solution to the cosmological constant problem, highlighting quantum frame non-equivalence and recovering dark energy scales without fine-tuning.

Contribution

It introduces a new stringy approach involving the dilaton's chameleonic behavior and quantum frame non-equivalence, providing a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem.

Findings

Dark energy scale recovered without fine-tuning

Quantum frame non-equivalence at the quantum level

Interactions vanish on cosmological scales in Einstein frame

Abstract

The chameleonic behaviour of the String theory dilaton is suggested. Some of the possible consequences of the chameleonic string dilaton are analyzed in detail. In particular, (1) we suggest a new stringy solution to the cosmological constant problem and (2) we point out the non-equivalence of different conformal frames at the quantum level. In order to obtain these results, we start taking into account the (strong coupling) string loop expansion in the string frame (S-frame), therefore the so-called form factors are present in the effective action. The correct Dark Energy scale is recovered in the Einstein frame (E-frame) without unnatural fine-tunings and this result is robust against all quantum corrections, granted that we assume a proper structure of the S-frame form factors in the strong coupling regime. At this stage, the possibility still exists that a certain amount of fine-tuning may be required to satisfy some phenomenological constraints. Moreover in the E-frame, in our proposal, all the interactions are switched off on cosmological length scales (i.e. the theory is IR-free), while higher derivative gravitational terms might be present locally (on short distances) and it remains to be seen whether these facts clash with phenomenology. A detailed phenomenological analysis is definitely necessary to clarify these points.