Comments to support the Dipole Dynamical Model (DDM) of Ball Lightning (BL)

TL;DR

This paper justifies the Dipole Dynamical Model of Ball Lightning, emphasizing its motion driven by atmospheric electric fields, and discusses its stability, energy limits, and potential for indefinite lifetime without external shells.

Contribution

It introduces a dynamic, moving model of Ball Lightning based on electric field balance, differing from static models, and explores stability conditions and energy constraints.

Findings

BL stability depends on free parameters and non-equilibrium processes.

Maximum energy density in BL is estimated between 10^8 and 10^9 J/m^3.

BL can have an indefinite lifetime without external shells.

Abstract

I present estimates to justify previously proposed by me heuristic Dipole Dynamical Model (DDM) of Ball Lightning (BL). The movement and energy supplying to the dipole BL are due to the atmospheric electric field. Crucial for the detailed analysis of BL is using the new relation of balance of the force of atmospheric electric field (per unit mass of electron cloud) and dipole forces electrons-ions within BL dipole (per unit mass of BL) as the first necessary condition for the existance of BL as an integer. This model is unique because, unlike existing static models, fundamental condition for the existence of Ball Lightning is its forward motion. The virial theorem limiting BL power does not apply to BL which is not closed system like the Sun or Galaxy systems and is strongly dependent part of the infinitely extended in time and space large system. Stability of BL is due to two free parameters with the fundamental role of thermodynamic non-equilibrium, ionization, recombination and translational movement with energy loss by radiation and also excess volumetric positive charge. Stability of BL is not related to the presence of any external shells. Polarization degree of BL plasma is characterized by polarizability factor {\gamma}. An example is presented of calculating the stability of an option of BL. There is also a possible connection of stability BL with statistical distributions of the atmospheric electric field in time and space. Destruction of BL can also occur due to arising kinematical instability at its accelerating (or decelerating) movement. Maximal energy density in BL DDM does not exceed the value Espec<(10(8) - 10(9)) J/m(3) decreasing with the growing BL radius. Resulting indefinitely long BL lifetime is also discussed. BL has no outer shell and no any inner rigid or elastic microstructure elements.