Universal Properties of Nonlinear Response Functions of Nonequilibrium Steady States

TL;DR

This paper establishes universal principles governing the nonlinear response functions of nonequilibrium steady states, including sum rules and asymptotic behaviors, with applications demonstrated in optical and electrical systems.

Contribution

It introduces universal properties of nonlinear response functions in nonequilibrium steady states, deriving sum rules and asymptotic behaviors that apply broadly.

Findings

Derived sum rules for nonlinear response functions.

Identified asymptotic behaviors of response functions.

Illustrated implications for optical and electrical systems.

Abstract

We derive universal properties of nonlinear response functions of nonequilibrium steady states. In particular, sum rules and asymptotic behaviors are derived. Their consequences are illustrated for nonlinear optical materials and nonlinear electrical conductors.