Gravitational deflection of light in the Schwarzschild -de Sitter space time

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the cosmological constant influences the bending of light in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time, emphasizing the importance of source and reference object distances in calculating the deflection angle.

Contribution

It challenges the notion that the cosmological constant does not affect photon orbits and demonstrates its contribution to light deflection depends on source and reference distances.

Findings

Cosmological constant affects light deflection in non-flat space-times.

Photon trajectory analysis depends on source and reference object distances.

The contribution of the cosmological constant varies with geometry.

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that the cosmological constant affects the gravitational bending of photons although the orbital equation for light in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space time is free from cosmological constant. Here we argued that the very notion of cosmological constant independency of photon orbit in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter space time is not proper. Consequently the cosmological constant has some clear contribution to the deflection angle of light rays. We stressed the importance of the study of photon trajectories from the reference objects in bending calculation, particularly for asymptotically non-flat space-time. When such an aspect is taken in to consideration the contribution of cosmological constant to the effective bending is found to depend on the distances of the source and the reference objects.