Precessing vortices and antivortices in ferromagnetic elements

TL;DR

This study uses micromagnetic simulations to analyze the precessional dynamics of vortex and antivortex states in ferromagnetic nanodots, revealing stability conditions, precession frequencies, and limitations of existing models.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical investigation of vortex and antivortex precession, compares results with Thiele's theory, and evaluates the accuracy of common models for small nanodots.

Findings

Vortex states are metastable and tend to center or exit the dot depending on initial displacement.

Antivortices are inherently unstable and tend to annihilate at the dot edge.

Existing models do not fully explain vortex eigenfrequencies in small nanodots.

Abstract

A micromagnetic numerical study of the precessional motion of the vortex and antivortex states in soft ferromagnetic circular nanodots is presented using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamics. For sufficiently small dot thickness and diameter, the vortex state is metastable and spirals toward the center of the dot when its initial displacement is smaller than a critical value. Otherwise, the vortex spirals away from the center and eventually exits the dot which remains in a state of in-plane magnetization (ground state). In contrast, the antivortex is always unstable and performs damped precession resulting in annihilation at the dot circumference. The vortex and antivortex frequencies of precession are compared with the response expected on the basis of Thiele's theory of collective coordinates. We also calculate the vortex restoring force with an explicit account of the magnetostatic and exchange interaction on the basis of the 'rigid' vortex and 'two-vortices side charges free' models and show that neither model explains the vortex translation mode eigenfrequency for nanodots of sufficiently small size.