Near-infrared counterparts of Chandra X-ray sources toward the Galactic Center

TL;DR

This study identifies near-infrared counterparts to X-ray sources in the Galactic Center, revealing potential high-mass X-ray binaries and Wolf-Rayet stars, and highlights the challenges of matching sources in crowded fields.

Contribution

First large-scale IR counterpart identification for Chandra X-ray sources in the Galactic Center, providing statistical analysis and candidate classifications.

Findings

Identified 2137 IR/X-ray matched sources with estimated true matches.

Found 9 +/- 3 likely Wolf-Rayet or supergiant binaries among the counterparts.

Estimated 11% of hard X-ray sources have true IR counterparts.

Abstract

The Chandra X-ray Observatory has now discovered nearly 10,000 X-ray point sources in the 2 x 0.8 degree region around the Galactic Center (Muno 2009). The sources are likely to be a population of accreting binaries in the Galactic Center, but little else is known of their nature. We obtained JHKs imaging of the 17'x 17' region around Sgr A*, an area containing 4339 of these X-ray sources, with the ISPI camera on the CTIO 4-m telescope. We cross-correlate the Chandra and ISPI catalogs to find potential IR counterparts to the X-ray sources. The extreme IR source crowding in the field means that it is not possible to establish the authenticity of the matches with astrometry and photometry alone. We find 2137 IR/X-ray astrometrically matched sources: statistically we estimate that our catalog contains 289 +/- 13 true matches to soft X-ray sources and 154 +/- 39 matches to hard X-ray sources. However, the fraction of true counterparts to candidate counterparts for hard sources is just 11 %, compared to 60 % for soft sources, making hard source NIR matches particularly challenging for spectroscopic follow-up. We calculate a color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for the matches to hard X-ray sources, and find regions where significant numbers of the IR matches are real. We use their CMD positions to place limits on the absolute Ks band magnitudes of the potential NIR counterparts to hard X-ray sources. We find regions of the counterpart CMD with 9 +/- 3 likely Wolf-Rayet/supergiant binaries (with 4 spectroscopically confirmed in the literature) as well as 44 +/- 13 candidates that could consist of either main sequence high mass X-ray binaries or red giants with an accreting compact companion. (abridged)