Energy or Mass and Interaction

TL;DR

This review explores a unified geometric framework linking energy, mass, and fundamental interactions, addressing dark matter, quantum physics, and particle properties through nonlinear electrodynamics and spacetime geometry.

Contribution

It proposes a novel unified geometric model that connects gravitation, electromagnetism, and quantum phenomena, providing explanations for particle masses, magnetic moments, and nuclear forces.

Findings

Derives Einstein's equation and variable gravitational constant G from geometric principles.

Explains fermion mass spectrum and proton structure through topological excitations.

Provides geometric interpretations for fundamental constants and particle properties.

Abstract

A review. Problems: 1-Many empirical parameters and large dimension number; 2-Gravitation and Electrodynamics are challenged by dark matter and energy. Energy and nonlinear electrodynamics are fundamental in a unified nonlinear interaction. Nuclear energy appears as nonlinear SU(2) magnetic energy. Gravitation and electromagnetism are unified giving Einstein's equation and a geometric energy momentum tensor. A solution energy in the newtonian limit gives the gravitational constant G. Outside of this limit G is variable. May be interpreted as dark matter or energy. In vacuum, known gravitational solutions are obtained. Electromagnetism is an SU(2) subgroup. A U(1) limit gives Maxwell's equations. Geometric fields determine a generalized Dirac equation and are the germ of quantum physics. Planck's h and of Einstein's c are given by the potential and the metric. Excitations have quanta of charge, flux and spin determining the FQHE. There are only three stable 1/2 spin fermions. Mass is a form of energy. The rest energies of the fermions give the proton/electron mass ratio. Potential excitations have energies equal to the weak boson masses allowing a geometric interpretation of Weinberg's angle. SU(2) gives the anomalous magnetic moments of proton, electron, neutron and generates nuclear range attractive potentials strong enough to produce the binding energies of the deuteron and other nuclides. Lepton and meson masses are due to topological excitations. The geometric mass spectrum is satisfactory. The proton has a triple structure. The alpha constant is a geometric number.