Systematic errors in weighted 2-point correlation functions: An application to interaction-induced star formation

TL;DR

Weighted correlation functions are useful for galaxy property analysis but can dilute and smear true radial dependencies, requiring careful correction using mock catalogs to avoid misinterpretation of interaction effects.

Contribution

This paper demonstrates how weighted correlation functions can distort true radial dependencies in galaxy properties and provides a quantitative framework to correct for these effects.

Findings

Weighted correlation functions dilute the magnitude of radial property dependence.

Artificial enhancements can appear at larger radii due to pair matching effects.

Observed SFR enhancements match the simulated dilution effects.

Abstract

Weighted correlation functions are an increasingly important tool for understanding how galaxy properties depend on their separation from each other. We use a mock galaxy sample drawn from the Millenium simulation, assigning weights using a simple prescription to illustrate and explore how well a weighted correlation function recovers the true radial dependence of the input weights. We find that the use of a weighted correlation function results in a dilution of the magnitude of any radial dependence of properties and a smearing out of that radial dependence in radius, compared to the input behavior. We present a quantitative discussion of the dilution in the magnitude of radial dependence in properties in the special case of a constant enhancement at r < rc. In this particular case where there was a SFR enhancement at small radius r < rc = 35 kpc, the matching of one member of an enhanced pair with a non-enhanced galaxy in the same group gives an artificial enhancement out to large radius ~ 200 kpc. We compare this with observations of SFR enhancement from the SDSS (Li et al. 2008; MNRAS, 385, 1903) finding very similar behavior - a significant enhancement at radii < 40 kpc and a weak enhancement out to more than 150 kpc. While we explore a particular case in this Letter, it is easy to see that the phenomenon is general, and precision analyses of weighted correlation functions will need to account carefully for this effect using simulated mock catalogs.