Exact and approximate symmetries for light propagation equations with higher order nonlinearity

TL;DR

This paper derives exact and approximate analytical solutions for light propagation equations with higher-order nonlinearities, revealing collapse phenomena and beam self-focusing behavior in various nonlinear media.

Contribution

It provides the first exact solutions to eikonal equations with saturated nonlinear refractive index and develops approximate solutions using Lie symmetries for arbitrary nonlinearities.

Findings

Exact solutions show collapse and self-focusing positions.

Approximate solutions match well with exact solutions.

Beam collapse can occur off-axis in certain conditions.

Abstract

For the first time exact analytical solutions to the eikonal equations in (1+1) dimensions with a refractive index being a saturated function of intensity are constructed. It is demonstrated that the solutions exhibit collapse; an explicit analytical expression for the self-focusing position, where the intensity tends to infinity, is found. Based on an approximated Lie symmetry group, solutions to the eikonal equations with arbitrary nonlinear refractive index are constructed. Comparison between exact and approximate solutions is presented. Approximate solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in (1+2) dimensions with arbitrary refractive index and initial intensity distribution are obtained. A particular case of refractive index consisting of Kerr refraction and multiphoton ionization is considered. It is demonstrated that the beam collapse can take place not only at the beam axis but also in an off-axis ring region around it. An analytical condition distinguishing these two cases is obtained and explicit formula for the self-focusing position is presented.