A magnetic field evolution scenario for brown dwarfs and giant planets

TL;DR

This paper models the magnetic field evolution of brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets using energy flux scaling laws, predicting magnetic field strengths and radio emissions over their lifetimes.

Contribution

It applies a magnetic field evolution model to brown dwarfs and exoplanets, providing predictions for their magnetic field strengths and radio emission characteristics.

Findings

Massive brown dwarfs can have kilo-Gauss magnetic fields in early life.

Magnetic fields of giant planets decrease by a factor of ten over 10 Gyr.

Predicted radio fluxes are up to 700 mJy at 150 MHz for some exoplanets.

Abstract

Very little is known about magnetic fields of extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs. We use the energy flux scaling law presented by Christensen et al. (2009) to calculate the evolution of average magnetic fields in extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs under the assumption of fast rotation, which is probably the case for most of them. We find that massive brown dwarfs of about 70 M_Jup can have fields of a few kilo-Gauss during the first few hundred Million years. These fields can grow by a factor of two before they weaken after deuterium burning has stopped. Brown dwarfs with weak deuterium burning and extrasolar giant planets start with magnetic fields between ~100G and ~1kG at the age of a few Myr, depending on their mass. Their magnetic field weakens steadily until after 10Gyr it has shrunk by about a factor of 10. We use observed X-ray luminosities to estimate the age of the known extrasolar giant planets that are more massive than 0.3M_Jup and closer than 20pc. Taking into account the age estimate, and assuming sun-like wind-properties and radio emission processes similar to those at Jupiter, we calculate their radio flux and its frequency. The highest radio flux we predict comes out as 700mJy at a frequency around 150MHz for $\tau$Boob, but the flux is below 60mJy for the rest. Most planets are expected to emit radiation between a few Mhz and up to 100MHz, well above the ionospheric cutoff frequency.