Symmetry and Mass Degeneration in Multi-Higgs-Doublet Models

TL;DR

This paper explores the symmetry properties and mass degenerations in the scalar sector of Multi-Higgs-Doublet Models, highlighting how vacuum alignments and symmetry breaking influence Higgs mass spectra and potential new light charged Higgs bosons.

Contribution

It analyzes the symmetry structures of Multi-Higgs-Doublet Models, especially the implications of vacuum alignments on mass degeneracies and the emergence of light charged Higgs particles.

Findings

Scalar potential invariant under O(4) symmetry without C violation

Mass degeneracy in charged and C-odd sectors with aligned VEVs

Light charged Higgs bosons can appear with non-aligned VEVs

Abstract

We investigate possible symmetry properties of the scalar sector of Multi-Higgs-Doublet Models, and, to some extent, the generalization of such models to gauge groups other than $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$. In models where the ${\cal C}$ (charge conjugation) violating operator $\hat{C}$ is not present, the scalar potential is invariant under a group larger than the gauge group, O(4) when the Higgs fields are doublets. If the Higgs fields develop aligned vacuum expectation values, this symmetry will break to an O(3) subgroup, which in general is further broken by loop corrections involving the gauge bosons. Assuming such corrections are small, the physical properties of the Higgs sector will approximately organize into representations of SO(3). If the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs fields are aligned in the direction of the ${\cal C}$ even fields, the mass spectra of the charged and ${\cal C}$ odd sectors will be degenerate. Moreover, if the Higgs fields develop a pair of non-aligned vacuum expectations values, so that the charge conjugation symmetry is spontaneously broken (but not the U(1) electromagnetic gauge invariance), a pair of light charged Higgs bosons should appear.