Low Complexity Linear Programming Decoding of Nonbinary Linear Codes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a low-complexity linear programming decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes, extending previous binary code methods, achieving linear complexity with similar error correction performance to standard LP decoding.

Contribution

It develops a novel low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary codes based on primal-dual formulations, not directly related to nonbinary SP algorithms.

Findings

Complexity is linear in block length, limited by maximum check node degree.

Performance similar to standard LP decoding with simplex solver.

Validated with simulation on a quaternary LDPC code over AWGN channel.

Abstract

Linear Programming (LP) decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes has attracted much attention in the research community in the past few years. The aim of LP decoding is to develop an algorithm which has error-correcting performance similar to that of the Sum-Product (SP) decoding algorithm, while at the same time it should be amenable to mathematical analysis. The LP decoding algorithm has also been extended to nonbinary linear codes by Flanagan et al. However, the most important problem with LP decoding for both binary and nonbinary linear codes is that the complexity of standard LP solvers such as the simplex algorithm remain prohibitively large for codes of moderate to large block length. To address this problem, Vontobel et al. proposed a low complexity LP decoding algorithm for binary linear codes which has complexity linear in the block length. In this paper, we extend the latter work and propose a low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. We use the LP formulation proposed by Flanagan et al. as a basis and derive a pair of primal-dual LP formulations. The dual LP is then used to develop the low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. In contrast to the binary low-complexity LP decoding algorithm, our proposed algorithm is not directly related to the nonbinary SP algorithm. Nevertheless, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the block length and is limited mainly by the maximum check node degree. As a proof of concept, we also present a simulation result for a $[80,48]$ LDPC code defined over $\mathbb{Z}_4$ using quaternary phase-shift keying over the AWGN channel, and we show that the error-correcting performance of the proposed LP decoding algorithm is similar to that of the standard LP decoding using the simplex solver.