ARCONS: A highly multiplexed superconducting optical to near-IR camera

TL;DR

ARCONS is a highly multiplexed superconducting camera using MKID technology, capable of photon counting, energy, and time resolution, designed for optical to near-IR astronomy with a scalable readout system.

Contribution

It introduces a novel, highly multiplexed MKID-based camera with scalable readout for optical to near-IR astronomical observations.

Findings

Photon energy resolution R > 20 achieved.

Time resolution of microseconds demonstrated.

Field of view of approximately 10x10 arcseconds at Palomar.

Abstract

We report on the development of ARCONS, the ARray Camera for Optical to Near-IR Spectrophotometry. This photon counting integral field unit (IFU), being built at UCSB and Caltech with detectors fabricated at JPL, will use a unique, highly multiplexed low temperature detector technology known as Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs). These detectors, which operate at 100 mK, should provide photon counting with energy resolution of R = E/{\delta}E > 20 and time resolution of a microsecond, with a quantum efficiency of around 50%. We expect to field the instrument at the Palomar 200" telescope in the first quarter of 2011 with an array containing 1024 pixels in a 32x32 pixel form factor to yield a field of view of approximately 10x10 arcseconds. The bandwidth of the camera is limited by the rising sky count rate at longer wavelengths, but we anticipate a bandwidth of 0.35 to 1.35 {\mu}m will be achievable. A simple optical path and compact dewar utilizing a cryogen-free adiabatic demagnetization refridgerator (ADR) allows the camera to be deployed quickly at Naysmith or Coude foci at a variety of telescopes. A highly expandable software defined radio (SDR) readout that can scale up to much larger arrays has been developed.