Non-spherical core collapse supernovae III. Evolution towards homology and dependence on the numerical resolution

TL;DR

This study investigates the hydrodynamic evolution of non-spherical core-collapse supernovae, highlighting the role of the SASI instability in shaping ejecta morphology and nickel distribution, with implications for SN 1987A.

Contribution

It demonstrates the physical impact of the SASI instability on supernova ejecta shape and composition, emphasizing the need for high-resolution 3D simulations for accurate modeling.

Findings

SASI causes prolate deformation of ejecta.

Lateral motions influence nickel distribution.

Simulation results align with SN 1987A observations.

Abstract

(abridged) We study the hydrodynamic evolution of a non-spherical core-collapse supernova in two spatial dimensions. We find that our model displays a strong tendency to expand toward the pole. We demonstrate that this expansion is a physical property of the low-mode, SASI instability. The SASI leaves behind a large lateral velocity gradient in the post shock layer which affects the evolution for minutes and hours later. This results in a prolate deformation of the ejecta and a fast advection of Ni-rich material from moderate latitudes to the polar regions. This effect might actually be responsible for the global asymmetry of the nickel lines in SN 1987A. The simulations demonstrate that significant radial and lateral motions in the post-shock region, produced by convective overturn and the SASI during the early explosion phase, contribute to the evolution for minutes and hours after shock revival. They lead to both later clump formation, and a significant prolate deformation of the ejecta which are observed even as late as one week after the explosion. As pointed out recently by Kjaer et al., such an ejecta morphology is in good agreement with the observational data of SN 1987A. Systematic future studies are needed to investigate how the SASI-induced late-time lateral expansion depends on the dominant mode of the SASI, and to which extent it is affected by the dimensionality of the simulations. The impact on and importance of the SASI for the distribution of iron group nuclei and the morphology of the young SNR argues for future three-dimensional explosion and post-explosion studies on singularity-free grids that cover the entire sphere. Given the results of our 2D resolution study, present 3D simulations must be regarded as underresolved, and their conclusions must be verified by a proper numerical convergence analysis in three dimensions.