Understanding the effect of sheared flow on microinstabilities

TL;DR

This paper investigates how sheared plasma flows influence microinstabilities, revealing that strong perpendicular shear suppresses instabilities while weaker shear can allow transient growth, potentially leading to turbulence in tokamaks.

Contribution

It develops a gyrokinetic-derived fluid model in sheared slab geometry to analyze the effects of flow shear on microinstability behavior, highlighting conditions for suppression and transient growth.

Findings

Strong perpendicular flow shear (M > 1) suppresses eigenmodes.

Transient perturbations can grow significantly before decaying.

High flow shear (M >> 1) can lead to subcritical turbulence.

Abstract

The competition between the drive and stabilization of plasma microinstabilities by sheared flow is investigated, focusing on the ion temperature gradient mode. Using a twisting mode representation in sheared slab geometry, the characteristic equations have been formulated for a dissipative fluid model, developed rigorously from the gyrokinetic equation. They clearly show that perpendicular flow shear convects perturbations along the field at a speed we denote by $Mc_s$ (where $c_s$ is the sound speed), whilst parallel flow shear enters as an instability driving term analogous to the usual temperature and density gradient effects. For sufficiently strong perpendicular flow shear, $M >1$, the propagation of the system characteristics is unidirectional and no unstable eigenmodes may form. Perturbations are swept along the field, to be ultimately dissipated as they are sheared ever more strongly. Numerical studies of the equations also reveal the existence of stable regions when $M < 1$, where the driving terms conflict. However, in both cases transitory perturbations exist, which could attain substantial amplitudes before decaying. Indeed, for $M \gg 1$, they are shown to exponentiate $\sqrt{M}$ times. This may provide a subcritical route to turbulence in tokamaks.