Fermi-Hubbard physics with atoms in an optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper reviews how ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices are used to simulate the Fermi-Hubbard model, enabling exploration of complex quantum phenomena like superconductivity and magnetism.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of experimental progress in realizing and understanding the Fermi-Hubbard model with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.

Findings

Experimental realization of the Fermi-Hubbard model using fermionic quantum gases.

Observation of different regimes such as metallic, insulating, superfluid, and Mott-insulating.

Insights into many-body physics and quantum simulation capabilities.

Abstract

The Fermi-Hubbard model is a key concept in condensed matter physics and provides crucial insights into electronic and magnetic properties of materials. Yet, the intricate nature of Fermi systems poses a barrier to answer important questions concerning d-wave superconductivity and quantum magnetism. Recently, it has become possible to experimentally realize the Fermi-Hubbard model using a fermionic quantum gas loaded into an optical lattice. In this atomic approach to the Fermi-Hubbard model the Hamiltonian is a direct result of the optical lattice potential created by interfering laser fields and short-ranged ultracold collisions. It provides a route to simulate the physics of the Hamiltonian and to address open questions and novel challenges of the underlying many-body system. This review gives an overview of the current efforts in understanding and realizing experiments with fermionic atoms in optical lattices and discusses key experiments in the metallic, band-insulating, superfluid and Mott-insulating regimes.