Enzymatic AND Logic Gates Operated Under Conditions Characteristic of Biomedical Applications

TL;DR

This paper investigates enzymatic AND logic gates based on lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, demonstrating their potential for biomedical applications by analyzing their noise characteristics and ability to distinguish normal from abnormal physiological conditions.

Contribution

It introduces and analyzes biochemical logic gates operating under physiological conditions, highlighting their noise amplification properties and potential for reliable biomedical diagnostics.

Findings

Both enzyme-based logic gates amplify input noise but still differentiate normal and abnormal states.

The systems show similar noise characteristics, supporting their use in biomedical detection.

Reliable detection of abnormal conditions is feasible with these enzyme-logic systems.

Abstract

Experimental and theoretical analyses of the lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase based enzymatic AND logic gates in which the enzymes and their substrates serve as logic inputs are performed. These two systems are examples of the novel, previously unexplored, class of biochemical logic gates that illustrate potential biomedical applications of biochemical logic. They are characterized by input concentrations at logic 0 and 1 states corresponding to normal and abnormal physiological conditions. Our analysis shows that the logic gates under investigation have similar noise characteristics. Both significantly amplify random noise present in inputs, however we establish that for realistic widths of the input noise distributions, it is still possible to differentiate between the logic 0 and 1 states of the output. This indicates that reliable detection of abnormal biomedical conditions is indeed possible with such enzyme-logic systems.