Hydrogen permitted lines in the first near-IR spectra of Th 28 microjet: accretion or ejection tracers?

TL;DR

This study presents the first near-infrared detection of the Th 28 microjet, revealing hydrogen permitted lines as effective tracers of jet ejection close to the star, complementing atomic and molecular line observations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that high excitation hydrogen lines like Br gamma and Pa beta can trace jets at close proximity to the star, expanding the tools for studying accretion and ejection processes.

Findings

Jet detected in atomic and molecular lines within 150 AU.

Hydrogen permitted lines trace jet ejection close to the star.

Asymmetry observed between blue and red lobes in emission and extinction.

Abstract

We report the first near-infrared detection of the bipolar microjet from TTauri star ThA 15-28 (aka Th 28). Spectra were obtained with VLT/ISAAC for the slit both perpendicular and parallel to the flow to examine jet kinematics and gas physics within the first arcsecond from the star. The jet was successfully detected in both molecular and atomic lines. The H_2 component was found to be entirely blueshifted around the base of the bipolar jet. It shows that only the blue lobe is emitting in H_2 while light is scattered in the direction of the red lobe, highlighting an asymmetric extinction and/or excitation between the two lobes. Consistent with this view, the red lobe is brighter in all atomic lines. Interestingly, the jet was detected not only in [Fe II], but also in Br gamma and Pa beta lines. Though considered tracers mainly of accretion, we find that these high excitation hydrogen permitted lines trace the jet as far as 150 AU from the star. This is confirmed in a number of ways: the presence of the [Fe II] 2.13 micron line which is of similarly high excitation; H I velocities which match the jet [Fe II] velocities in both the blue and red lobe; and high electron density close to the source of >6x10^4 cm^-3 derived from the [Fe II] 1.64,1.60 micron ratio. These near-infrared data complement HST/STIS optical and near-ultraviolet data for the same target which were used in a jet rotation study, although no rotation signature could be identified here due to insufficient angular resolution. The unpublished HST/STIS H alpha emission is included here along side the other H I lines. Identifying Br gamma and Pa beta as tracers of ejection is significant because of the importance of finding strong near-infrared probes close to the star, where forbidden lines are quenched, which will help understand accretion-ejection when observed with high spatial resolution instruments such as VLTI/AMBER.