Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper establishes an upper limit on the density of primordial black holes formed before big bang nucleosynthesis by analyzing their potential impact on elemental abundances through Hawking radiation.

Contribution

It provides a novel constraint on primordial black hole density prior to nucleosynthesis based on their evaporation effects on element formation.

Findings

Set an upper limit on primordial black hole density before nucleosynthesis.

Linked black hole evaporation energy to elemental abundance constraints.

Improved understanding of early universe conditions and black hole formation.

Abstract

There are ongoing efforts in detecting Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBH) formed during the early universe. Here we put an upper limit on the PBH number density that could have been formed prior to the big bang nucleosynthesis era, based on the constraint that the PBH evaporation energy consisting of high energy radiation not affect the observed abundances' of elements, by disintegrating the nuclei.