Bulk Scale Factor at Very Early Universe
M. Mohsenzadeh, E. Yusofi

TL;DR
This paper explores a higher-dimensional cosmological model using brane-world scenarios, showing that space-like extra dimensions can cause exponential growth of the bulk scale factor in the early universe.
Contribution
It introduces a generalized 5D FRW model with a warp factor acting as a bulk scale factor, analyzing its evolution with space-like and time-like extra dimensions.
Findings
Space-like extra dimensions lead to exponential bulk scale factor growth.
The model applies to the very early universe under strong gravitational conditions.
Provides a new perspective on early universe expansion mechanisms.
Abstract
In this paper we propose a higher dimensional Cosmology based on FRW model and brane-world scenario. We consider the warp factor in the brane-world scenario as a scale factor in 5-dimensional generalized FRW metric, which is called as bulk scale factor, and obtain the evolution of it with space-like and time-like extra dimensions. It is then showed that, additional space-like dimensions can produce exponentially bulk scale factor under repulsive strong gravitational force in the empty universe at a very early stage.
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