Level densities and $\gamma$-ray strength functions in Sn isotopes

TL;DR

This study investigates the nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions in Sn isotopes using the Oslo method, revealing step-like structures, neutron pair-breaking effects, and resonances potentially linked to neutron skin oscillations.

Contribution

It provides new experimental data on level densities and gamma-ray strength functions in Sn isotopes, and interprets low-energy structures as neutron pair-breaking and possible neutron skin oscillations.

Findings

Level density of $^{119}$Sn shows step-like structures.

Enhanced gamma-ray strength functions observed between 4-11 MeV.

Resonances at 8.0 MeV may be due to neutron skin oscillations.

Abstract

The nuclear level densities of $^{118,119}$Sn and the $\gamma$-ray strength functions of $^{116,118,119}$Sn below the neutron separation energy are extracted with the Oslo method using the ($^3$He, \,$\alpha \gamma$) and ($^3$He,$^3$He$^\prime\gamma$) reactions. The level density function of $^{119}$Sn displays step-like structures. The microcanonical entropies are deduced from the level densities, and the single neutron entropy of $^{119}$Sn is determined to be $(1.7 \pm 0.2)\,k_B$. Results from a combinatorial model support the interpretation that some of the low-energy steps in the level density function are caused by neutron pair-breaking. An enhancement in all the $\gamma$-ray strength functions of $^{116-119}$Sn, compared to standard models for radiative strength, is observed for the $\gamma$-ray energy region of $\simeq (4 -11)$ MeV. These small resonances all have a centroid energy of 8.0(1) MeV and an integrated strength corresponding to $1.7(9)\%$ of the classical Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. The Sn resonances may be due to electric dipole neutron skin oscillations or to an enhancement of the giant magnetic dipole resonance.