Diamagnetism versus Paramagnetism in charged spin-1 Bose gases

TL;DR

This paper explores the magnetic behavior of charged spin-1 Bose gases, revealing how the interplay of diamagnetism and paramagnetism depends on the Lande-factor and temperature, with specific thresholds dictating dominant magnetic properties.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework to determine when a charged spin-1 Bose gas exhibits diamagnetism or paramagnetism based on the Lande-factor and temperature, highlighting a transition regime.

Findings

Gases with g<1/√8 are diamagnetic at all temperatures.

Gases with g>1/2 are always paramagnetic.

Intermediate g values show a transition from paramagnetism to diamagnetism as temperature decreases.

Abstract

It has been suggested that either diamagnetism or paramagnetism of Bose gases, due to the charge or spin degrees of freedom respectively, appears solely to be extraordinarily strong. We investigate magnetic properties of charged spin-1 Bose gases in external magnetic field, focusing on the competition between the diamagnetism and paramagnetism, using the Lande-factor $g$ of particles to evaluate the strength of paramagnetic effect. We propose that a gas with $g<{1/\sqrt{8}}$ exhibits diamagnetism at all temperatures, while a gas with $g>{1/2}$ always exhibits paramagnetism. Moreover, a gas with the Lande-factor in between shows a shift from paramagnetism to diamagnetism as the temperature decreases. The paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions to the total magnetization density are also calculated in order to demonstrate some details of the competition.