The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey VI. The metallicity distribution of main-sequence turnoff stars in the Galactic halo

TL;DR

This study analyzes the metallicity distribution of main-sequence turnoff stars in the Galactic halo using survey data and compares it with theoretical models, revealing challenges in reproducing the observed MDF features.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed MDF of halo MSTO stars from the Hamburg/ESO survey and compares it with models, highlighting discrepancies in chemical evolution predictions.

Findings

Corrected MDF shows a sharp drop at [Fe/H] ~ -3.6.

MDFs of turnoff stars and giants agree below [Fe/H] ~ -2.0.

Only the GAMETE model reproduces the MDF drop at [Fe/H] ~ -3.6.

Abstract

We determine the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Galactic halo based on metal-poor main-sequence turnoff-stars (MSTO) which were selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES) database. Corresponding follow-up moderateresolution observations (R ~ 2000) of some 682 stars (among which 617 were accepted program stars) were carried out with the 2.3m telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO). Corrections for the survey volume covered by the sample stars were quantitatively estimated and applied to the observed MDF. The corrections are quite small, when compared with those for a previously studied sample of metal-poor giants. The corrected observational MDF of the turnoff sample was then compared with that of the giants, as well as with a number of theoretical predictions of Galactic chemical evolution, including the mass-loss modified Simple Model. Although the survey-volume corrected MDFs of the metal-poor turnoff and the halo giants notably differ in the region of [Fe/H] > -2.0, below [Fe/H] ~ -2.0, (the region we scientifically focus on most) both MDFs show a sharp drop at [Fe/H] ~ -3.6 and present rather similar distributions in the low-metallicity tail. Theoretical models can fit some parts of the observed MDF, but none is found to simultaneously reproduce the peak as well as the features in the metal-poor region with [Fe/H] between -2.0 to -3.6. Among the tested models only the GAMETE model, when normalized to the tail of the observed MDF below [Fe/H] ~ -3.0, and with Z_{cr} = 10^{-3.4}Z_{\odot}, is able to predict the sharp drop at [Fe/H] ~ -3.6.