TL;DR
This paper provides an accessible yet rigorous overview of dark matter, covering its history, evidence, candidates, and detection methods to introduce researchers and students to this fundamental cosmological mystery.
Contribution
It offers a comprehensive synthesis of dark matter research, including historical context, astrophysical evidence, candidate particles, and detection techniques, serving as a foundational primer for newcomers.
Findings
Dark matter constitutes about 80% of the universe's gravitating matter.
Multiple candidate particles are proposed, but none have been definitively detected.
Various detection methods are under development to identify dark matter.
Abstract
Dark matter is one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in cosmology at the present time. About 80% of the universe's gravitating matter is non-luminous, and its nature and distribution are for the most part unknown. In this paper, we will outline the history, astrophysical evidence, candidates, and detection methods of dark matter, with the goal to give the reader an accessible but rigorous introduction to the puzzle of dark matter. This review targets advanced students and researchers new to the field of dark matter, and includes an extensive list of references for further study.
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