Gravitational Collapse of Phantom Fluid in (2+1)-Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper explores solutions to Einstein's equations in (2+1)-dimensional spacetimes, demonstrating that phantom energy can lead to black hole formation through gravitational collapse.

Contribution

It presents new solutions for anisotropic fluid collapse with kinematic self-similarity, showing phantom energy can cause black hole formation in lower-dimensional gravity.

Findings

Collapse results in black hole formation

Phantom energy can drive gravitational collapse

Solutions exhibit kinematic self-similarity

Abstract

This investigation is devoted to the solutions of Einstein's field equations for a circularly symmetric anisotropic fluid, with kinematic self-similarity of the first kind, in $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetimes. In the case where the radial pressure vanishes, we show that there exists a solution of the equations that represents the gravitational collapse of an anisotropic fluid, and this collapse will eventually form a black hole, even when it is constituted by the phantom energy.