The Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsar IGR J00291+5934: Evidence for a Long Timescale Spin Evolution

TL;DR

This study measures the long-term spin evolution of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934, providing evidence for spin-up during outbursts and spin-down during quiescence, consistent with the recycling scenario.

Contribution

A new method was applied to accurately measure the pulsar's spin torques, revealing both spin-up and spin-down phases and constraining the magnetic field, advancing understanding of pulsar evolution.

Findings

Detected spin-up during outburst (Fdot=5.1x10^{-13} Hz/s)

Detected spin-down during quiescence (Fdot=-3.0x10^{-15} Hz/s)

No evidence of gravitational wave emission influence

Abstract

Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars like IGR J00291+5934 are important because it is possible to test theories of pulsar formation and evolution. They give also the possibility to constrain gravitational wave emission theories and the equation of state of ultra dense matter. Particularly crucial to our understanding is the measurement of the long term spin evolution of the accreting neutron star. An open question is whether these accreting pulsars are spinning up during an outburst and spinning down in quiescence as predicted by the recycling scenario. Until now it has been very difficult to measure torques, due to the presence of fluctuations in the pulse phases that compromise their measurements with standard coherent timing techniques. By applying a new method, I am now able to measure a spin up during an outburst and a spin down during quiescence. I ascribe the spin up (Fdot=5.1(3)x10^{-13}\Hz/s) to accretion torques and the spin down (Fdot=-3.0(8)x10^{-15} Hz/s) to magneto dipole torques, as those observed in radio pulsars. Both values nicely fit in the recycling scenario and I infer the existence of a magnetic field for the pulsar of B~2x10^{8} G. No evidence for an enhanced spin down due to gravitational wave emission is found. The accretion torques are smaller than previously reported and there is strong evidence for an ordered process that is present in all outbursts that might be connected with a motion of the hot spot on the neutron star surface.