The afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 090205: evidence for a Ly-alpha emitter at z=4.65

TL;DR

This study reports the detection and analysis of the high-redshift GRB 090205 and its host galaxy at z=4.65, revealing a starburst galaxy in a metal-enriched environment and confirming it as a Lyman-alpha emitter, the farthest known GRB host.

Contribution

First spectroscopic confirmation of a GRB host galaxy as a Lyman-alpha emitter at z=4.65, providing insights into high-redshift galaxy environments and GRB characteristics.

Findings

GRB 090205 has a short rest-frame duration of 1.6 s.

The host galaxy is a starburst with young stellar populations.

The environment shows high metallicity for high-z GRB hosts.

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts have been proved to be detectable up to distances much larger than any other astrophysical object, providing the most effective way, complementary to ordinary surveys, to study the high redshift universe. To this end, we present here the results of an observational campaign devoted to the study of the high-z GRB 090205. We carried out optical/NIR spectroscopy and imaging of GRB 090205 with the ESO-VLT starting from hours after the event up to several days later to detect the host galaxy. We compared the results obtained from our optical/NIR observations with the available Swift high-energy data of this burst. Our observational campaign led to the detection of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 090205 and to the first measure of its redshift, z=4.65. Similar to other, recent high-z GRBs, GRB 090205 has a short duration in the rest-frame with T_{90,rf}=1.6 s, which suggests the possibility that it might belong to the short GRBs class. The X-ray afterglow of GRB 090205 shows a complex and interesting behaviour with a possible rebrightening at 500-1000s from the trigger time and late flaring activity. Photometric observations of the GRB 090205 host galaxy argue in favor of a starburst galaxy with a stellar population younger than ~ 150 Myr. Moreover, the metallicity of Z > 0.27 Z_Sun derived from the GRB afterglow spectrum is among the highest derived from GRB afterglow measurement at high-z, suggesting that the burst occurred in a rather enriched envirorment. Finally, a detailed analysis of the afterglow spectrum shows the existence of a line corresponding to Lyman-alpha emission at the redshift of the burst. GRB 090205 is thus hosted in a typical Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) at z=4.65. This makes the GRB 090205 host the farthest GRB host galaxy, spectroscopically confirmed, detected to date.