Stabilization and pumping of giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to stabilize giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates using a Gaussian potential, enabling the creation of high-quantum-number vortices through a vortex pump.

Contribution

It introduces a stabilization technique with a Gaussian potential to maintain dynamical stability of giant vortices during vortex pumping.

Findings

Stabilization is feasible for high quantum numbers.

Simulation of adiabatic creation of a 20-quantum vortex.

Gaussian potential effectively stabilizes multiply quantized vortices.

Abstract

Recently, it was shown that giant vortices with arbitrarily large quantum numbers can possibly be created in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates by cyclically pumping vorticity into the condensate. However, multiply quantized vortices are typically dynamically unstable in harmonically trapped nonrotated condensates, which poses a serious challenge to the vortex pump procedure. In this theoretical study, we investigate how the giant vortices can be stabilized by the application of a Gaussian potential peak along the vortex core. We find that achieving dynamical stability is feasible up to high quantum numbers. To demonstrate the efficiency of the stabilization method, we simulate the adiabatic creation of an unsplit 20-quantum vortex with the vortex pump.