Locating PHEV Exchange Stations in V2G

TL;DR

This paper proposes a two-stage stochastic model for optimally locating PHEV battery exchange stations to support both transportation needs and stabilize power grids with renewable energy sources.

Contribution

It introduces a novel two-stage stochastic programming approach for the strategic placement of PHEV exchange stations to enhance grid stability and transportation efficiency.

Findings

Optimal station locations improve grid stability.

The model effectively balances transportation and energy demands.

Test cases demonstrate system benefits and performance improvements.

Abstract

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an environmentally friendly technology that is expected to rapidly penetrate the transportation system. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received considerable attention as clean power options for future generation expansion. However, these sources are intermittent and increase the uncertainty in the ability to generate power. The deployment of PHEVs in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system provide a potential mechanism for reducing the variability of renewable energy sources. For example, PHEV supporting infrastructures like battery exchange stations that provide battery service to PHEV customers could be used as storage devices to stabilize the grid when renewable energy production is fluctuating. In this paper, we study how to best site these stations in terms of how they can support both the transportation system and the power grid. To model this problem we develop a two-stage stochastic program to optimally locate the stations prior to the realization of battery demands, loads, and generation capacity of renewable power sources. We develop two test cases to study the benefits and the performance of these systems.