The effect of activity-related meridional flow modulation on the strength of the solar polar magnetic field

TL;DR

This study uses flux transport simulations to show that activity-related meridional flow perturbations weaken the solar polar magnetic field by about 18%, potentially influencing the solar cycle's amplitude.

Contribution

It introduces a flux transport model incorporating observed meridional flow perturbations to quantify their impact on polar magnetic field strength.

Findings

Flow perturbations reduce polar field strength by ~18%.

Perturbations depend on cycle strength, affecting dynamo nonlinearity.

Flow modifications influence the amplitude regulation of the solar cycle.

Abstract

We studied the effect of the perturbation of the meridional flow in the activity belts detected by local helioseismology on the development and strength of the surface magnetic field at the polar caps. We carried out simulations of synthetic solar cycles with a flux transport model, which follows the cyclic evolution of the surface field determined by flux emergence and advective transport by near-surface flows. In each hemisphere, an axisymmetric band of latitudinal flows converging towards the central latitude of the activity belt was superposed onto the background poleward meridional flow. The overall effect of the flow perturbation is to reduce the latitude separation of the magnetic polarities of a bipolar magnetic region and thus diminish its contribution to the polar field. As a result, the polar field maximum reached around cycle activity minimum is weakened by the presence of the meridional flow perturbation. For a flow perturbation consistent with helioseismic observations, the polar field is reduced by about 18% compared to the case without inflows. If the amplitude of the flow perturbation depends on the cycle strength, its effect on the polar field provides a nonlinearity that could contribute to limiting the amplitude of a Babcock-Leighton type dynamo.