The magnetic field of Betelgeuse: a local dynamo from giant convection cells?

TL;DR

This study reports the first direct detection of a weak magnetic field on Betelgeuse, suggesting a local dynamo mechanism driven by giant convection cells in its extended atmosphere.

Contribution

It provides the first observational evidence of Betelgeuse's magnetic field and links it to giant convection cells, advancing understanding of magnetic activity in supergiants.

Findings

Detected a ~1 Gauss magnetic field on Betelgeuse.

Magnetic field strength appears to increase over one month.

Magnetic field likely associated with giant convection cells.

Abstract

Betelgeuse is an M supergiant with a complex and extended atmosphere, which also harbors spots and giant granules at its surface. A possible magnetic field could contribute to the mass loss and to the heating of the outer atmosphere. We observed Betelgeuse, to directly study and infer the nature of its magnetic field. We used the new-generation spectropolarimeter NARVAL and the least square deconvolution (LSD) method to detect circular polarization within the photospheric absorption lines of Betelgeuse. We have unambiguously detected a weak Stokes V signal in the spectral lines of Betelgeuse, and measured the related surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field Bl at 6 different epochs over one month. The detected longitudinal field is about one Gauss and is apparently increasing on the time scale of our observations. This work presents the first direct detection of the magnetic field of Betelgeuse. This magnetic field may be associated to the giant convection cells that could enable a "local dynamo:.