Molecular Line Profiles from Contracting Dense Cores

TL;DR

This paper models molecular line profiles from contracting dense cores, showing that slow, accelerating contraction can produce spectral features consistent with observations, supporting a quasi-static contraction phase before star formation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that a detailed radiative transfer model of contracting cores can reproduce observed line asymmetries, providing evidence for a prolonged contraction phase prior to collapse.

Findings

Line profiles match observed blue-red asymmetry in contracting cores

Centrally depleted CS is necessary for correct line profiles

Model supports slow, accelerating contraction leading to star formation

Abstract

We recently proposed that molecular cloud dense cores undergo a prolonged period of quasi-static contraction prior to true collapse. This theory could explain the observation that many starless cores exhibit, through their spectral line profiles, signs of inward motion. We now use our model, together with a publicly available radiative transfer code, to determine the emission from three commonly used species - N2H+, CS, and HCN. A representative dense core of 3 Msun that has been contracting for 1 Myr has line profiles that qualitatively match the observed ones. In particular, optically thick lines have about the right degree of blue-red asymmetry, the empirical hallmark of contraction. The J=2-1 rotational transition of CS only attains the correct type of profile if the species is centrally depleted, as has been suggested by previous studies. These results support the idea that a slow, but accelerating, contraction leads to protostellar collapse. In the future, the kind of analysis presented here can be used to assign ages to individual starless cores.