The degree of a $q$-holonomic sequence is a quadratic quasi-polynomial

TL;DR

This paper proves that the degree of a $q$-holonomic sequence eventually follows a quadratic quasi-polynomial pattern, using differential Galois theory, number theory, and $q$-difference equations, with constructive proofs and explicit examples.

Contribution

It introduces a new understanding of the degree behavior of $q$-holonomic sequences, combining differential Galois theory with number theory techniques.

Findings

Degree of $q$-holonomic sequences is eventually quadratic quasi-polynomial.

Develops a framework for regular-singular $q$-difference equations.

Provides explicit examples illustrating the theoretical results.

Abstract

A sequence of rational functions in a variable $q$ is $q$-holonomic if it satisfies a linear recursion with coefficients polynomials in $q$ and $q^n$. We prove that the degree of a $q$-holonomic sequence is eventually a quadratic quasi-polynomial. Our proof uses differential Galois theory (adapting proofs regarding holonomic $D$-modules to the case of $q$-holonomic $D$-modules) combined with the Lech-Mahler-Skolem theorem from number theory. En route, we use the Newton polygon of a linear $q$-difference equation, and introduce the notion of regular-singular $q$-difference equation and a WKB basis of solutions of a linear $q$-difference equation at $q=0$. We then use the Lech-Mahler-Skolem theorem to study the vanishing of their leading term. Unlike the case of $q=1$, there are no analytic problems regarding convergence of the WKB solutions.Our proofs are constructive, and they are illustrated by an explicit example.