Spin dynamics and domain formation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity

TL;DR

This paper explores how a unidirectional ring cavity influences the spin dynamics and domain formation in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing nonlinear effects and bistability.

Contribution

It demonstrates the impact of cavity-induced nonlinear matter-wave phase shifts on spinor condensates, including bistability and enriched spin-domain physics beyond the single-mode approximation.

Findings

Observation of strong matter-wave bistability.

Enhanced understanding of critical slowing down in spin mixing.

Insights into cavity-mediated spin-domain formation.

Abstract

We consider a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dispersively coupled to a unidirectional ring cavity. We show that the ability of a cavity to modify, in a highly nonlinear fashion, matter-wave phase shifts adds a new dimension to the study of spinor condensates both within and beyond the single-mode approximation. In addition to demonstrating strong matter-wave bistability as in our earlier publication [L. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 160403 (2009)], we show that the interplay between atomic and cavity fields can greatly enrich both the physics of critical slowing down in spin mixing dynamics and the physics of spin-domain formation in spinor condensates.