All in action

TL;DR

This paper presents a holistic view of nature based on the principle of least action, describing the universe's evolution as a process of actions unfolding and transforming to minimize free energy in the least time.

Contribution

It introduces a unified framework where particles and forces are seen as manifestations of actions, emphasizing the role of least action in the universe's evolution.

Findings

Actions are fundamental elements of nature, composed of elementary actions related to Planck's constant.

The universe evolves irreversibly by diminishing density differences through least-time actions.

Particles and forces are diverse manifestations of natural mechanisms to decrease free energy.

Abstract

The principle of least action provides a holistic worldview in which nature in its entirety and every detail is pictured in terms of actions. Each and every action is ultimately composed of one or multiples of the most elementary action which corresponds to the Planck's constant. Elements of space are closed actions, known as fermions, whereas elements of time are open actions, known as bosons. The actions span energy landscape, the Universe which evolves irreversibly according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics by diminishing density differences in least time. During the step-by-step evolution densely-curled actions unfold by opening up and expelling one or multiple elementary actions to their surrounding sparser space. The manifold's varieties process from one symmetry group to another until the equivalence to their dual, i.e., the surrounding density has been attained. The scale-free physical portrayal of nature does not recognize any fundamental difference between fundamental particles and fundamental forces. Instead a plethora of particles and a diaspora of forces are perceived merely as diverse manifestations of a natural selection for various mechanisms and ways to decrease free energy in the least time.