Dynamics of Dark-Bright Solitons in Cigar-Shaped Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability, dynamics, and interactions of dark-bright solitons in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates, combining theoretical modeling with experimental observations to understand their behavior under various conditions.

Contribution

It introduces effective 1D vector equations and detailed 3D simulations to analyze dark-bright soliton dynamics, highlighting the impact of atom number and phase differences, complemented by experimental validation.

Findings

Oscillation frequency and stability depend on atom number.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking causes transverse oscillations.

Phase differences significantly affect soliton interactions.

Abstract

We explore the stability and dynamics of dark-bright solitons in two-component elongated Bose-Einstein condensates by developing effective 1D vector equations as well as solving the corresponding 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equations. A strong dependence of the oscillation frequency and of the stability of the dark-bright (DB) soliton on the atom number of its components is found. Spontaneous symmetry breaking leads to oscillatory dynamics in the transverse degrees of freedom for a large occupation of the component supporting the dark soliton. Moreover, the interactions of two DB solitons are investigated with special emphasis on the importance of their relative phases. Experimental results showcasing dark-bright soliton dynamics and collisions in a BEC consisting of two hyperfine states of $^{87}$Rb confined in an elongated optical dipole trap are presented.