Vacuum fluctuations and the thermodynamics of chiral models

TL;DR

This paper investigates how fermion vacuum fluctuations affect the thermodynamics and phase transition order in chiral models, emphasizing their importance in accurate modeling of QCD-like systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates that including fermion vacuum loops can alter phase transition characteristics and provides a renormalized approach to handle divergences in chiral models.

Findings

Vacuum fluctuations can change the order of the phase transition.

Fermion vacuum loops significantly influence baryon susceptibilities.

Renormalization removes divergences using dimensional regularization.

Abstract

We consider the thermodynamics of chiral models in the mean-field approximation and discuss the relevance of the (frequently omitted) fermion vacuum loop. Within the chiral quark-meson model and its Polyakov loop extended version, we show that the fermion vacuum fluctuations can change the order of the phase transition in the chiral limit and strongly influence physical observables. We compute the temperature-dependent effective potential and baryon number susceptibilities in these models, with and without the vacuum term, and explore the cutoff and the pion mass dependence of the susceptibilities. Finally, in the renormalized model the divergent vacuum contribution is removed using the dimensional regularization.