Equivalent synchronization of chaos in driven and in autonomous systems

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that chaos synchronization in driven and autonomous systems can be understood through a single drive-response map, revealing minimal conditions for synchronization regardless of external or internal coupling details.

Contribution

It introduces a unified framework showing that minimal shared information suffices for chaos synchronization in both driven and autonomous systems, regardless of coupling specifics.

Findings

Synchronization can be inferred from a single element's behavior.

Shared information over time is key for synchronization.

Coupling form and source are not critical for achieving synchronization.

Abstract

It is shown that the synchronization behavior of a system of chaotic maps subject to either an external forcing or a coupling function of their internal variables can be inferred from the behavior of a single element in the system, which can be seen as a single drive-response map. From the conditions for stable synchronization in this single driven-map model with minimal ingredients, we find minimal conditions for the emergence of complete and generalized chaos synchronization in both driven and autonomous associated systems. Our results show that the presence of a common drive or a coupling function for all times is not indispensable for reaching synchronization in a system of chaotic oscillators, nor is the simultaneous sharing of a field, either external or endogenous, by all the elements. In the case of an autonomous system, the coupling function does not need to depend on all the internal variables for achieving synchronization and its functional form is not crucial for generalized synchronization. What becomes essential for reaching synchronization in an extended system is the sharing of some minimal information by its elements, on the average, over long times, independently of the nature (external or internal) of its source.